ENGLISH STANDARD FOUR.

TOPIC: GRAMMAR.

    (NOUNS & PRONOUNS)

BY: Teacher  CONSIA FRANK

   What is a noun;

A noun is a word which name's something.

          Or

A word used to identify any of a class of people, places, things, state or occurrence. There are two types of nouns, a common noun and proper noun. Usually a verb goes with a noun where by a VERB are action words in a sentence that describes what the subject is doing, along with the nouns, verbs are the main part of a sentence or phrase. Examples of verbs are such as include, start, leave, change, live e.t.c

•A COMMON NOUN.

Is a common word used to name anything for example bird, goat, man, girl, table, bus, road, cup, day, country, month, tree, ball, school, dress, house e.t.c.

•A PROPER NOUN.

A proper noun is also called proper names, this is the real name or special name of a person or a thing, different from any other for example peoples names, vehicles names, countries such as Tanzania, Ethiopia, Uganda and so on. Names usually begin with capital letters.

               

           PRONOUNS.

A pronoun is a word which can be used instead of a noun or nouns. Pronouns can be grouped into two groups

*Singular

*Plural

In singular words that are normal used are I, He, She, It, You, Her and Him.

In plural words used are We, They, You, Them and Us.

Pronouns also are used to avoid repeating the same noun over and over, it can act as a subject, direct object or indirect object for example, Amina drinks a cup of tea every afternoon. It could also be, she drinks a cup of it every afternoon or she drinks it every afternoon, where the *it* would substitute the cup of tea not just the tea.

        

          PERSONAL NOUNS.

Are nouns which show what belongs to someone or something in a sentence, these pronouns show the doer or the one who is doing the action and the receiver or the one on whom it is being done, the owner or whose it is. For example

•Doer: I, We, You, They, He, She, It

•Receiver: Me, Us, You, Them, He, Her, It.

•Owner: Mine, Ours, Yours, Theirs, His, Hers, Its.

 

      ABSTRACT NOUNS.

Are nouns which shows quality or conditions of a person or a thing which can not be touched like the proper noun. For example, sickness, kindness, smoothness, darkness, length, width, speed, arrival and so on.

     

       COLLECTIVE NOUNS.

Are words which shows a group of people, animals or things, for example

• Herd; a number of sheep or cows

• Set; of tools for doing a piece of work.

• Crowd; a group of different people.

• Staff; many people working together. In other words these nouns group things which looks similar into one thing.

   

               WORK TO DO.

1.      Write common nouns and proper nouns you know.

2.      ( I, He, She, It, You, Her, Him, You, Them, Us), use the pronouns given above instead of underlined nouns.

·         The cat fell in Peter’s bag.

·         The doctor told Rema to bring Sara and Abdul.

·         My mother called the carpenter to repair the chairs.

·         The mountain is very high and the weather is too hot.

·         Mr Kaboya was taking his wife to hospital.

3.      Complete the following sentences by changing the words in the brackets to abstract nouns.

·         Children should not work in ……………(dark).

·         They got the………… due to mosquito (sick).

·         The……..( smooth) of the floor is dangerous to you.

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